TOEFL Equivalency Table

TOEIC	TOEFL Paper	TOEFL CBT	TOEFL IBT	IELTS	Cambridge Exam	CEFR	VEC Online Score	Approximate VEC Level
0 - 250	0 - 310	0 - 30	0 - 8	0 - 1.0			0 - 34	2
	310 - 343	33 - 60	9 - 18	1.0 - 1.5		A1	35 - 38	3
255 - 400	347 - 393	63 - 90	19 - 29	2.0 - 2.5		A1	39 - 45	4 - 5
	397 - 433	93 - 120	30 - 40	3.0 - 3.5	KET (IELTS 3.0)	A2	46 - 53	6 - 7
					PET (IELTS 3.5)	B1 (IELTS 3.5)
405 - 600	437 - 473	123 - 150	41 - 52	4.0	PET	B1	54 - 57	8
	477 - 510	153 - 180	53 - 64	4.5 - 5.0	PET (IELTS 4.5)	B1 (IELTS 4.5)	58 - 65	9 - 10
					FCE (IELTS 5.0)	B2 (IELTS 5.0)
605 - 780	513 - 547	183 - 210	65 - 78	5.5 - 6.0	FCE	B2	66 - 73	11 - 12
	550 - 587	213 - 240	79 - 95	6.5 - 7.0	CAE	C1	74 - 81	13 - 14
785 - 990	590 - 677	243 - 300	96 - 120	7.5 - 9.0	CPE	C2	82 - 100	15
Top Score	Top Score	Top Score	Top Score	Top Score	Top Score	Top Level	Top Score	Top Level
990	677	300	120	9	100	C2	100	15

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

Vocabulary is basic and very important when you learn foreign languages. You can't understand, read, write, and speak if you don't know vocabulary. Learn English vocabulary is a long process that you must follow. There are some tips for you:
- Find and buy a good dictionary because dictionary is the best friend to help you understand meaning of the new words.
- Set up a habit to learn vocabulary everyday, every where, any time.
- Don't learn too many words in a day. You will feel tired and bored after few days. 5-10 words a day are enough.
- Reading is a good way to learn vocabulary. Take note all new words and learn them.
- Play with words by crossword games, hangman, flash cards, etc...
- Listening is a good method to learn vocabulary. Copy listening mp3 to your cellphone, mp3 players, etc ... and listen to them anywhere, any time.
- Test your vocabulary you have just learned to refresh your memory. Remember that the more often you read, listen, and speak a word, the longer you remember it.

http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/grammar-rules-and-tips/vocabulary-strategies.html
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/vocabulary_tips.htm 

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/

 

Texts 1-6

 Text 6

The floppy driver you see here works with three in a half into floppy disks. They are the types most often used to carry new programs, save data, or to move file from one PC to another. The part of the disk we see is actually just a hard plastic shell. The working disk which is inside, is protected by sliding metal shelter. The stain in a disk called the cookie, is coded not with chocolate chips, but with a very thin layer of magnetic material.

When you slip the disk into your floppy driver a system of labors pushes back the metal shelter. The labors also pinch to read-write heads closer, so they almost touch the cookie. A mode of the base of the drivers spins the cookie, based on the commands from your PC. The PC also signals another mode and move the read-write head back for over the surface on the disk. So they can read or write data.

Before your PC writes data, your driver first checks the right protector over the corner of the floppy disk. If it’s open light from a tiny diode shines through, it  strikes of a diode on a other side. This diode then sends to your PC:

“Don’t write on this disk”. But its tab is closed no light gets through and the PC knows it is OK;  you write data.

Text 5.

Patterns of pits and lands are laid out along a continuous spiral. As the disk turns, a precise motor keeps the laser beam in place on the path. When the laser beam hits a pit, the light is scattered. But where it hits a land the beam is reflected straight back along its original path. The light enters the prism again. But this time it is reflected at a 90 degree angle and strikes a device called a diode. The diode creates an electric pulse each time the light hits it. So when the laser hits a pit no light bounces back. When it strikes a land the diode sees the reflection and sends a pulse. These blanks and pulses are sent to the computer, which interprets them as a pattern of zeros and ones. In other words, into binary code.

Text 4.

How can a CD-ROM can hold so much more than a conventional disk? The CD driver reads data with a beam of light so narrow that the information can be squeezed together much tighter. You see, a laser diode creates this concentrated beam of light. The light travels through a prism, then through a lens and magnetic coil that focus the beam even more.

On the under side of the compact disk itself are millions of tiny bumps called pits. That's right, the bumps are called pits. The same surface has smooth areas called "lands". These pits and "lands" are translated into the binary language of bits and bytes used by the computer.

 

Text 3.

There are many types of buses used in PCs today. How faster PC performs depends on the type of bus it uses.

The original IBM PC used an 8-bit bus to transmit data along parallel data lines like these. The modern 16-bit bus, also called an ISO bus, transports data over 16 lines. To remain compatible, it can also accept older 8-bit adapter cards. The more advanced ESO bus doubles the numbers of lines again to 32. 8 and 16-bit cards fit into the ESO slots far enough to only contact the first row of 16 connectors. On the other hand a true ESO board connects with all 32 contacts.

The local bus overcomes a major problem with all the previous buses, namely slow speed. The original PC’s bus ran at 8MHz, but now modern processors can run at 66MHz or more. To accommodate these high speeds the local bus can carry 32-bits of data at a time at the speed of the clock chip. If your local downtown bus suddenly went 10 times faster, you’d definitely sit up and take a notice. But for a modern PC bus it’s just another cruise down Main Street. 

Text 2.

How do all the different components of your computer communicate with each other? They use special electronic pathways called a bus. Just like a passenger bus that can transport large amount of people, the computer’s bus can carry a great deal of information. The bus allows the computer’s standard peripherals such as the keyboard, monitor, to talk to each other and other parts of PC.

They are made out  of numerous electronic pathways called the circuit lines along which power and data travel. The original IBM PC’s 8-bit bus has 62 lines, 8 of which transmit power to the adapter card. Another 8 to 32 lines carry data to various components such as memory chips or display. The next 20 lines are called address lines. They carry a coded road map to where the information is traveling. Each adapter card has unique destination or address on the route of the bus. The remainders of the bus’s lines carry commands for the standard computer operation such as reading or writing data. Every component plugged into the bus is constantly looking for signals coming down the command line.

When a signal to write data appears only the input/output devices recognize the command, other device such as the memory circuits do not. Alerted by the right command the IO devices check the address lines. If the code matches its address, the adapter accepts the data and follows the new command. Otherwise the adapter simply ignores the command.

 Text 1.

We have been looking at an Intel three eight six processor, have relatively weakling these days.

The more powerful Intel 486 processor is similar to the 386 except that it has two other components.One is a small eight kilobyte memory cache. Its purpose is to scroll away little data code so that they  can be processed as soon is the CPU is ready. A 486 DX processor also has a numeric processor unit built into it, to speed things even faster.

The newest Intel processor, the Pentium, has two memory caches, one for code, one for data. And it has two execution units so that two separate software instructions can be processed at the same time. These features go a long  way to make in the Pentium the fastest chip available for the PC.